Coal, iron, and oil; by unknow

Author:unknow
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Coal mines and mining, Iron mines and mining, Petroleum
Publisher: Pottsville, Pa., B. Bannan; [etc., etc.]
Published: 1866-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

10.0 I

&51 t

18 10 38

1

SM

18.6 88.6

a

at*

1^

1116

T70

1116

VwiOatlag OobflBBa, 4e.

t

t

900

780 1044

rfttore.

I

460 430

500

I

I

880° 8OOO 300O

i

3

1.1 .3

857.0

lOOJ 86.S

884

In the above table it will be noticed that a certun amount of steam is employed; Hetton has 4 furnaces, consuming 19 tons of coal in 24 hours, and 3 steam-boilers, producing steam for jets, and consuming 16 tons of coal in the same length of time; the whole equal to 109 horse-power, employed in mechanical means to produce a ventilation of 176,000 cubic feet per minute.

It will be found, on comparing this with the results of mechanical ventilation as produced by the suction-fan, that it requires double the power to produce the same ventilating column, under the same circumstances, with steam and furnace that it does irith the fan. But in this case, though the ventilating power will compare with the b«8t furnace-ventilation in England, the use of the steam-jet in connection with the furnace may rather add to the power required, in a greater proportion than the effect produced. It was decided, by a long series of experiments made in the Newcastle district in England, that furnace-ventilation was the most effective mode then in use; and this decision was considered conclusive until 1863, when questions concerning &n-yentilation, as used in France and Belgium, were discussed among the mining engineers in that district, and the fan was generally conceded to be superior to the furnace so far as the proportion between power and result was concerned. But up to 18G4 the fan was only occasionally used in the English mines; and then, with but rare exceptions, the ponderous, costiy, and imperfect French system was introduced.

WATERFALLS AND STEAM-JETS.

These modes are now considered obsolete, and are not used, except on rare occasions, when steam can be produced abundantly and cheaply, or when water can be used without repumping, and drained off by some adit level. Waterfalls were much used when natural ventilation was the only other means employed to start a colmnn of air. If a iarge body of water is suddenly let down a pit, it compeU^ the air to move before it and follow after it; and thus, when the air has become stagnant or in equilibrium by some change in the weather and temperature, the column is started in its proper direction, tad may, in shallow shafts, be kept moving by the ordinary means of natural ventilation. It is sometimes used also in starting the furnace-fires, or where weak ventilation i« uaed, because it is much more difficult to put in motion a long column of ur than to keep it moving afterwards.

The Mieam^et is almost valueless in deep shafts if used alone, though it answers very well in shallow ones, and is an aid in deep ones in connection with the furnace. The >team-jet acts Uke a steel spring. Its action is in its immediate vicimty, and its energy

is Boon exhausted. 0& bmng releoaed from tension, it Baddenlj springs upmrd, lod of coarse moyes the air quicklj in its vioinitj, but its expansion b

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